绝密★启用前山东省高一联考思想政治考试(本试卷满分100分，考试用时90分钟)注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号和座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂报黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。4.本试卷主要考试内容：必修1第1~2课。一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符如合题目要求的。1.上古歌谣《弹歌》日：“断竹，续竹；飞土，逐宍(u)。”全文仅8个字，却写出了从砍伐野竹到制成斟如弓再到打出泥弹、追捕猎物的全过程，展现了我国原始居民生产的部分生动图景。据此可知①人们以采集天然食物为主长②当时人们的生产工具简陋③原始畜牧业取得了长足进步区④人们获取食物的能力增强A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④斯2.在《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》一书中，恩格斯指出私有制和阶级不是从来就有的，而是社会生产发展到一定阶段的产物。同时，他又以雅典、罗马和德意志国家产生的历史事实为依据，杯精辟而又系统地阐述了马克思主义的国家观。下列关于国家、私有制、阶级、家庭的排列顺序正确的是阳A.国家-→私有制→家庭→阶级B.家庭→国家→私有制→阶级C.家庭→私有制→阶级→国家D.私有制→家庭→阶级→国家3.我国秦汉时期奴婢数量很多，买卖奴婢的现象较为普遍。市场上被出卖的奴婢通常与牛马同栏。汉朝政府虽有不许任意杀奴的法令，但在通常情况下，主人对奴婢有“专杀之威”。对此，下列说法正确的是①奴婢的社会地位十分低下②秦汉时期仍属于奴隶社会器③奴婢与奴隶一样没有人身自由④奴婢的出现阻碍了社会的发展A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④【高一思想政治第1页（共6页）】001A·SD·

14.某法院在对家庭教有促进法实施以来的案件调研中发现，家庭教有中存在的问二、非选择题：本题共4小题，共52分。题主要有三类：一是部分家长不注意对子女的思想品德和行为习惯的培养：二17.阅读材料，完成下列要求。(12分)是部分家长在教育子女过程中，动辄实施体罚；三是少数离婚父母推卸教育责材料一目前，在世界范围内，以数据为要素，服务为核心，数字技术深度陂能为特狂的数字贸易蓬勃兴起。数字贸易作为数字经济的重要组成部分，是数字经济时代对任。有小资大，做合格家长外贸易的新业态新模式，成为连接国内、国际数字市场的重要组带。①承担未成年子女抚养和教育的义务，正确履行监护职贵图32017-2021年中回数字贸易颜和数字贸易占服务贸易比重702000②明晰体罚子女是违法行为，造成后果的要追究刑事贵任601500分③必须通过我评教有的手段去化解子女成长中的各种问题401000④不能因婚烟关系改变消除对子女抚养、教育的权利和义务8500A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④10a15.潘某酒后驾驶电动三轮车时，与前方临时停车等待绿灯的一台小轿车相撞，致使小2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年线轿车损坏，交警部门认定电动三轮车为机动车，潘某为醉酒驾驶，承担事故全部责一中跟数字贸哥进口额（亿美元）☑中国数字贸易出口额（亿类元》任。经当地人民法院判处潘某危险驾驶罪，拘役四个月，并处罚金一万元。据此，一中因数字实易占服务贸易比重(%)····全球数字贸易占服务贸易比重(%)（注：商务部预别，到2025年，中国数字服务贸易进出口总颜将熳过4000亿美元，下列说法正确的是占服务贸易总颜的比重达到50%左右。)①潘某可以委托辩护人更好地维护自身合法利益材料二数据是致字经济的重要生产要素，数锡基础制度建设事关国家发展和安②人民法院对潘某判决体现了诉讼的公权性特点全大局。2022年12月2日，中共中央、国务院印发《关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥订③潘某如对判决结果不服，有权在十五日内提起上诉数据要素作用的意见》，系统布局了深入报进数据基础脚度体系构建的重点任务：建立数0不④法律授助机构有义务向潘某提供免费法律咨淘等服务据产权制度，明确数据分类分级授权，建立数据资源持有权、数揭加工使用权、数据产A.D②B.①③C.②④D.③④品经营权“三权分置”：建立数据要常流通和交易制度，从规刷、市场、生态、窍境等四16.时常我们会为从哪里寻找设计灵感而困惑，其实大自然就是设计师最好的灵感库。个方面构建适应我国部度优婷的数据要素市场体系：建立数据要素收苴分配制度，健全根据仿生学原理，设计师创造了富有表现力的座椅（图2），椅子的塑料部分像兰花数据要素由市场诉价贡献、按贡献决定报酬的机制：建立数据要素治理制度，创新政府数据治理机制，进免陷入“管死不放”和“放而不管”两种极端。花瓣，而钢制底座像螳螂，椅子视觉感官上十分轻巧，具(1)运用当代国际玫治与经济知识，解读材料一中的经济信息。(4分)有所有人体工程学特性，并且360度旋转可让腿部保特舒适(2)结合材料二，运用经济与社会知识，分析说明构建数据基础制度对发挥答的姿势。这些设计数据要素作用的影响。(8分)①提出假如式的问题，推测出事物发展的可能性前景18.阅读材料，完成下列要求。(12分)②运用归纳推理方法，从个别性前提推出一般性结论延安一中国苹命的圣地。以毛泽东为代表的老一辈无产阶级革命家在这里限苦奋图2斗了13个春秋，在插救民族危亡和争取人民解放的血与火的4争中创造了辉烛业绩，培题线③运用想象的方法，对表象进行积极的再加工再组合有和铸造了以坚定正确政治方向，解放思想实事求是的思想路战，全心全意为人民服务④运用类比推理方法，模仿生物的特殊构造及其功能的根本宗台，白力更生艰苦奋斗的创业新神为主要内容的延安新神，延安精神是党的宝A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④贵精神财富，高三政治第5页（共8页）高三政治第6页（共8页）

26.What did the writer do before she went to bed that night?A.Filled the sink with water.B.Laid two traps for the cat.C.Covered the counter with sheets.D.Cleaned the kitchen thoroughly.27.How did the author probably feel about the outcome of her effort?A.SatisfiedB.Disappointed.C.Anxious.D.Regretful.In May 2012,Australia's Macquarie Dictionary and the McCann Advertising Agencygathered a group of language experts to name a phenomenon common in the age of thesmartphone..They called the phenomenon“phubbing'”,and defined(定义)itas“the act ofsnubbing (someone in a social setting by looking at your phone instead of payingattention."It's not the usual way words begin to exist.A month later,the first example of phubbing in a major newspaper appeared in a letter tothe editor of The Age,published in Melbourne.Since then,the word has appeared in variousmedia the world over.Phubbing has yet to be fully adopted in the U.S.,but we have collectedsome evidence of it in use.On 29 September 2015,James A.Roberts wrote in the Huffinington Post,"In the presentcase,phubbing is a combination of the words phone and snubbing.To be phubbed is to besnubbed by someone using their cell phone while in your company.The"phubb"could be aninterruption of your conversation with someone when he or she uses their cell phone or isdistracted by it (steal glances when they think you're not looking)instead of paying attentionto you.Maybe worse,you've been phubbed if somcone used their cell phone instead ofcommunicating with you while staying close to you.Oh,the shame.The meaning and various forms of the word have yet to settle out.Is it phubbing if you'restaring at your tablet instead of your phone?Is the singular noun (and the base form of theverb)spelled phubb,as in the example above,or phub,as in some other sources?These arethe sorts of questions we'll need answers to before we're ready to consider phubbing and itsrelations for entry.In the meanwhile,you can of course use phubbing if you feel the need.Itseems we all do these days.28.What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about phubbing?A.Its usage.B.Its birth.C.Its influence.D.Its definition.英语试卷第6页（共12页）

2022年茂名市高三级第二次综合测试英语试卷9命题要素一览表注：1.能力要求：.理解能力Ⅱ.获取具体事实信息能力Ⅲ.推理判断能力V.分析综合能力V.运用英语的能力2.核心素养：①语言能力②文化品格③思维品质④学习能力分知识点能力要求核心素养预估难度题号颗型值(主题内容)ⅢV①②③(④档次系数21阅读理解2.5细节理解题易0.8522阅读理解2.5细节理解题易0.8023阅读理解2.5推理判断题易0.7824阅读理解2.5细节理解题Vv中0.6525阅读理解2.5细节理解题V中0.6526阅读理解2.5词义猜测题中0.6527阅读理解2.5推理判断题难0.5528阅读理解2.5细节理解题Vv中0.65西阅读理解2.5推理判断题中0.6530阅读理解2.5细节理解题中0.6031阅读理解2.5推理判断题中0.6532阅读理解2.5推理判断题中0.6533阅读理解2.5推理判断题W中0.6534阅读理解2.5细节理解题中0.6535阅读理解2.5主旨大意题N中0.6036七选五2.5上下文衔接VV中0.6537七选五2.5上下文衔接L中0.6538七选五2.5上下文衔接40.6539七选五2.5归纳总结中0.6540七选五2.5上下文衔接V中0.6541完形填空1考查名词及上下文推理中0.6542完形填空1考查动词短语及上下文推理中0.6543完形填空考查动词及上下文推理中0.65

show of the film there.Actually,her aims are far more55than becoming a movie star.Sheyivtivshysical ducatonaThykeepmehed"I get to jump around,571not as much as they do,but I at least move my body.That ismy5弹e often shares her wide experience and knowledge with her classmates.In a way,she reallyleaves ainfluence on them.Her head teacher feels proud of her,saying,"A man is nevertoo old to learn.She does 60 it!"41.A.exercisingB.teachingC.performingD.schooling42.A.come outB.brought outC.missed outD.left out43.A.youngerB.shorterC.smallerD.senior44.A.dressB.uniformC.costumeD.suit45.A.joinB.leaveC.attendD.visit46.A.collectB.deliverC.introduceD.provide47.A.believedB.abandonedC.supportedD.persuaded48.A.decisionB.preparationC.invitationD.suggestion49.A.sadlyB.proudlyC.willinglyD.jokingly50.A.whenB.ifC.howD.that51.A.promisedB.understoodC.forgotD.refused52.A.more thanB.other thanC.rather thanD.better than53.A.designB.launchC.saleD.campaign54.A.kneelB.backC.headD.face55.A.practicalB.technicalC.potentialD.magical56.A.followingB.includingC.concerningD.lacking57.A.now thatB.only ifC.in caseD.even though58.A.joyB.mindC.problemD.chance59.A.alternativeB.creativeC.positiveD.respective60.A.viewB.startC.workD.make第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The 18-year-old girl Eileen Gu struck gold on February 8 at the Beijing Winter Games andbecame the first woman60 WWin)the Olympic Free-ski Big Air Event.She perfectlyperformed a double cork 1620 jump,meaning she completed two off-axis rotations in the air.It was62 trick she had never tried in competitions before.Her daring move paid off.Judges gave hera score of 94.50 on her last run,ushed her past Ledux with a total sore of18.25.63Ledux from France finished second with50 points.After a switch left double cork 1440 inher last run,she raised her leg 6sight)as she landed.Mathilde Gremaud fromSwitzerland had a promising start of her competition,182.50 points.6 she crashed,coming in third withGu was born in the U.S.to a Chinese mother and American father.Since 2019,Gu(compete)under the Chinese flag.However,she receiveseriticize)on the U.S.socialmedia that her decision to represent China is driven by commercial benefits from the host nation.Gu wrote on Instagram,"The opportunity to inspire millionsmy mom was born during the 2022 Beijing Olympic Winter Games68门young people wherene-in-a-lifetime chance to promote the sport Ilove."She greatly encourages girswinter sports to push the boundaries as much as they can.69 (be)a70(interest)iere ted高三英语第7页共8页

KEY CORNERhow it'll turn out!Book 7 Module 6W:So you work outside quite a lot.Where can I findM:I.first went on a plane when I was two and I hadyour fruit and dairy products?a lot of toy planes.Then,when I was ten,we听力材料及参考答案参考答案M:We deliver our fruit to markets.We supply locamoved outside London and our house was1-5 ABCBC6-10 CBBCC11-15 BABAC听力材料shops with our milk,eggs and cheese.In fact,weunderneath the flight path.Every day I would16-20AABCA 21-25 BDABD 26-30 CCBBC(Text 1)plan to open a farm shop so that we can sell themwatch the planes.It was then that I decided to31-35 DABDB 36-40ABFEG 41-45 DACBDM:Getting to work in the morning seems to takedirectly to the public.become an airline pilot.46-50 CADBD 51-55 ABCBD 56-60ACBCDlonger each day.I might stop using the car.The(Text 7)W:How did you start your career?61.there62.which63.withtraffic is so bad early in the momning.There's noW:Hello,Mr.Smith.This is Marie Nakata callingM:I started flying helicopters.Then I started64.living65.impressive 66.were builtway I'm cycling in-it's too dangerous.on behalf of Today Magazine.I received your CVworking at an airline where I flew their67.created68.cleverly69.achievementW:What about getting the train?The service hason Monday.I contacted Ms.Ando,our editor,passenger planes.Three years later,I flew private70.to protectimproved a lot.and she said that the photos you have taken werejets for businessmen around the world.短文改错(Text 2)amazing.You seem to be a good match for ourW:So why did you decide to fly around the world?71....what was nearwhat→that/whichM:Is your business doing well?job.M:I wanted to see the world on my own.I was able72....buy some books.buy前加toW:Yes,very well,although we only started theM:Thank you very much.It's my dream job.to see a lot of places in North America,Europe,73....arrived at there...去掉atcompany a year ago.In fact,we've justW:Are you available this Friday?I would like toAfrica and Asia,but I didn't manage to visit74....various novel ..novel→novelsemployed two staff because we are going toschedule an interview with you at 9 am.I will beAustralia.75....very exciting ..exciting→excitedlaunch a new product over the next few months.out of the office all day Thursday.W:What was the worst moment you had?76.After pick out...pick→picking(Text 3)M:No problem.I look forward to meeting with youM:I was crossing Africa and there was a big storm77....start to read.start→startedW:I was reading about Emily Wainwright,the local(Text 8)and I couldn't fly,so I had to make an78....all of us ..all→bothbusinesswoman of the year.M:Jennie,welcome to the program.A job in a circusemergencylanding.The next day the storm79.All of the sudden...the-aM:I know her.That new shop she has in town issounds like a dream.How did you become apassed.I asked for some fuel for the plane before80....immediate got updoing well.It's always busy when I go past.circus performer？it took off.42immediateimmediately(Text 4)W:I did gymnastics and ballet as a child.ThenW:Thanks Jack书面表达W:So can I book you to come round to tidy ourjoined a youth circus at sixteen and learned how(Text 10)One possible version:garden?to perform in front of an audience.Three yearsI decided I would take a gap year when I was inDear Alex,M:Yes.rⅡcut the grass and I'Ⅱput all the thingslater,the manager of the circus I now work formy last year of university.My parents were keen forthat can be recycled into green plastic bags.AsIme to start my career.But I didn't want that.MyI'm delighted to share some information aboutsaw one of my performances and offered me adon't have my own transport,you'll have to findjob.friend took a one-year gap after university whichChinese kites with you.a way of getting these to a recycling centerM:What's tough about your job?gave him time and experience to decide what careerThe kite is believed to have originated in China.yourself.W:Well,I'm used to working late and getting upto pursue,and I wanted to follow suit.So I borrowedWith a long history,Chinese kites were originally(Text 5)early and my aching muscles don't bother melots of travel books from the library and I looked forused to send messages.It was not until the Sui andW:David,you got through to the national final asmuch.But it really bothers me that I always getjobs I could do on my way round the world on theTang dynasties that lighter kites made of silk orthe youngest chef.What if you win?nervous when I perform.Internet.After I'd got my degree,I went to Francepaper became an instrument of pleasure.Now,theM:Well,the first prize is an intelligent fridge.TheM:So what does the future hold for you,Jennie?and worked as a teaching assistant.In just a month,famous Weifang Interational Kite Festival is heldsecond prize is a top-quality cooking pan.AndW:I've been looking at the possibility of doing amy French improved a lot.Then I moved on toevery year in Weifang,Shandong Province.Thethere's a set of kitchen knives for everyone whopart-time course and getting a managementGreece,where I worked in a restaurant on an island,development of the construction of kites and thegets as far as the national final.qualification at college,with the goal of startingand then on to the United States,where I got a job onapplication of new materials have given modern(Text 6)my own circus school when my contract with thea farm.After that I traveled around the US,so by thekites new life.W:John,what is it like to work on a farm incircus runs out in two years'timetime I reached Canada I was broke.As the languageI hope what I offer is useful to you.southeast England?(Text 9)was no problem I easily found two jobs,working asYours,M:Great.I really enjoy being outdoors,helping theW:Today I have Jack with me,who is a pilot anda waiter at night and dog-walking by day.WhenLi Huafruit pickers and loading the trucks.Mostly,Ihas just returned from a flight around the world.left there I missed my four-legged friends.I'd选做题参考答案take care of chickens,ducks and cows.Jack,when did you first want to fly a plane?recommend a gap year to anyone-you never know-4 BACB李必薜艳坤

M:OK.I'd like six tickets for the 8 pm showing tonightW:Let me see.Oh,I'm sorry,but there are only three tickets left.M:Could I book tickets for tomorrow?W:Of course.What time would you like for tomorrow?M:Tomorrow is Saturday,so I think more friends might want to see the movie.I'll have 10 tickets for the 8 pmshow tomorrow.(Text 9)W:Did you enjoy your time with Jenny last Saturday?M:Not so much.We went boating in the afternoon.The weather was fine at first,but then it became windy.Itwas quite dangerous.Jenny almost fell into the water.W:Why didn't you check the weather report?M:I didn't expect there would be wind.W:You are not a careful guy.M:I guess you are right.I asked her to go to bike with me tomorrow as the weather will be nice.And sheagreed.W:Lucky you.(Text 10)W:Earthquakes are among the most harmful natural disasters,but your chances of survival are much betterif you prepare in advance and you know what to do when an earthquake strikes.First,you need to get somethingready.Besides food and water,you will need the following emergency supplies:flashlights,blankets and so on.Second,you should know what to do.When an earthquake happens,drop to the ground,find cover and holdon.If you're indoors,stay there and find shelter under a strong table.You should also stay clear of windowsand outer walls.If you're in a crowded area,don't rush towards the doors as there's a risk of injury.If you'reoutside,be aware of falling pieces.If you're in a car,stop in an open area until the shaking stops.Check yourABC Radio station,or the ABC Emergency Twitter pages for warnings before moving.·24·【22新教材.DY.英语·参考答案一R一必修第三册一N)

(Text 1)W:Please turn off the radio.The baby is sleeping.M:OK.I'd better go out to do some exercise.(Text 2)M:What shall we do now?I have been staying at home for two days.W:It's raining hard now.Maybe it will clear up soon.Then we can go to the park.(Text 3)W:How can I find your house?M:You can't miss it.It's beside a bookstore opposite a house with a pool in the garden.We haven't got a garageso you'll have to park in the street.(Text 4)W:Oh,no.It's ten past eleven!I've missed the last bus!M:Never mind.I'll take you home.It's no trouble.W:No,don't do that.It's too far and you've had quite a few glasses of wine.M:You got a point there.(Text 5)W:How long can I keep this business book?M:There's quite a long waiting list for that book.So I can let you have it until Tuesday at the latest.第一节到此结束。第二节听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。(Text 6)W:It's good to enjoy Teachers'Day!Teachers can have a short holiday.I will go to the new department store tobuy new clothes.M:We can have a short rest during Teachers'Day!As time goes by,good feelings will fade.After Teachers'Day,every task that should be done will be continued.W:So before Teachers'Day,we should keep smart at our work.M:Right.Let's do it together.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。(Text 7)W:Hello,Mike！Merry Christmas！M:Thanks.Merry Christmas to you.This Christmas is special to me.W:Special?Do you mean this is your first Christmas in Canada?M:Yes.And it is also the first time that I have seen snow during the Christmas season.You know it's summernow in New Zealand.W:Oh,best wishes for a real white Christmas.I have a small present for you.M:That's very kind of you,Susan,and I have a card for you.W:Thanks,Mike.I would also like to say thanks to you for all the help you have given to me in my study.M:It's my pleasure.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。【高三英语·参考答案第2页（共8页）】·23-186C·

W:Yes.Look at my beautiful green sweater.And I bought this amazing red leather bag and a lovely blue skirt.(Text 2)W:Hello,Mike.My train is arriving in 30 minutes.Will you be on time to pick me up?M:No problem.I am already on my way.It's only 10 minutes'drive.(Text 3)M:This MP3 player is getting worse and worse.Now it doesn't work at all.W:There is a seasonal sale at Carrefour.Why not go there and have a look?There might be some good bargains.(Text 4)W:Brad,I've got this list of Chinese names here.Could you help me pick one?M:So you are serious about having a Chinese name for your job in China?W:Yes,two of my friends in the team have already got theirs.(Teat 5)W:I would appreciate it if you could turn the volume of your music player down a little in the evenings.It is real-ly quite annoying,you know.M:I'm sorry for that.I didn't realize I was bothering anyone else.I promise it won't happen again.第一节到此结束。第二节听下而5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。(Text 6)W:Did you often eat out when you worked in China?M:No.As a matter of fact,I seldom ate out.W:You must be good at cooking,aren't you?M:Not really.I sometimes cooked for myself but most of the time I had dishes delivered to my apartment.Younever know how convenient it was.Food delivery is popular in China,and it's not expensive at all.W:That's great!Next time I hope the boss can send me there.M:We are setting up more branches in China.I believe you will have a chance soon.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。(Text 7)W:Hello.Room Service?This is Alice Brown in Room 308.We'd like to order some drinks.M:Yes,Madam.What would you like?W:We'd like to start with fruit juice,apple for me and orange for my daughter.M:Right,Madam.Do you want any tea or milk?W:No,thank you.Just some lemon tea for my husband and some hot milk for my children.M:OK.And what time do you want it brought to your room?W:About 8:00 am.Oh,wait,please bring it half an hour earlier.We may leave early to go sightseeing in the city.M:OK.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。(Text 8)W:Have you travelled much in China?M:No,not much-but I travel quite a lot in Beijing every day.W:Do you think the transportation system in Beijing is good?【高二英语·参考答案第2页（共7页）】202B·LN·

■口口■口■口47.B考查形容词辨析。根据上文中“It was46_and disturbed most of the people on thetrain.”这声音很大，使火车上的大多数人都感到烦恼。所以我觉得这很烦人（annoying)。故选B。48.A考查副词辨析。句意：幸运的是(Fortunately),我坐在一位非常好的老太太旁边，她正在进行为期两天的火车旅行。故选A。49.D考查形容词辨析。句意：她说，她的两个女儿一想到她要开车三天才能到家就很担心(worried),尽管她开车没有问题。故选D。50.C考查动词辨析。句意：她说，她的两个女儿一想到她要开车三天才能到家就很担心，尽管她开车(driving)没有问题。故选C。5l.D考查名词辨析。句意：坐火车是她唯一的选择(choice)。故选D。52.A考查形容词辨析。句意：和她聊天很有趣(f),她问我的孩子什么时候开始做父母的。故选A。53.B考查名词辨析。句意：火车上总是有许多来自各行各业(waks),不同国家和多种语言的人。故选B。54.C考查动词辨析。句意：乘火车是一种增加(increase)知识和吸收各种文化的好方法。故选C。55.D考查动词短语辨析。句意：乘火车是一种增加知识和吸收(take in)各种文化的好方法。故选D。56.B考查形容词辨析。句意：根据下文中“you can buy food in the food car at any time”可知，故选B。57.A考查动词辨析。句意：如果你需要使用(us©)洗手间，总是有一个可用的。故选A。58.C考查形容词辨析。句意：如果你需要使用洗手间，总是有一个可用的(available)。故选C。59.B考查动词辨析。句意：这当然比开车好，因为开车要停下来吃东西和上厕所。beat意为：战胜，比…好。故选B。60.D考查形容词辨析。句意：乘坐火车也比坐公共汽车好(better),故选D。第二节6l.yourself考查代词。句意：你终于躺在床上(throw oneself into bed),打开了一本你等了一整天的侦探小说。可知填yourself。英语参考答案·第5页（共9页）

绝密★启用前2023普通高等学校招生全国统一考试冲刺卷·英语（五）时量：120分钟满分：150分注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。长例：How much is the shirt??A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.How will the speakers go home?A.By taxi.B.By bike.C.By bus.I数2.What did the man do last night?A.He played computer games.B.He went to a concert.C.He worked on a report.南3.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.A photo.B.A paintingC.A museum.曾4.How does the man feel when doing public speaking?A.Excited.B.Confident.C.Nervous.5.What does the woman suggest the man do?A.He should look for the wallet in the library.B.He should report the theft right away.C.He should check his jacket pockets.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Where does the conversation take place?A.At the man's home.B.In a clothing store.C.In an office.7.What color of the shirt does the woman suggest the man wear?A.Navy blue.B.White.C.Yellow.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.What is the weather like now?A.Sunny.B.Rainy.C.Cloudy.【2023普通高等学校招生全国统一考试冲刺卷·英语（五）第1页（共8页）】

可知，大猩猩面临众多问题，即挑战。故选C项。10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但还有开采问题，也使大猩猩的生活条件恶化。A.monitors监视；B.worsens恶化；C.restores回复；D.improves提高。根据上文Bastian said the9that gorillas face is a combination of habitat loss,climate change and spread of disease.”可知，大猩猩的生活条件在不断恶化。故选B项。11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：巴斯蒂安告诉Addy说：“你能给人们发出的最强烈的信息之一就是回收他们的手机。”A.recycle回收；B.replace取代；C.ignore忽视；D.exchange交换。根据上文Coltan is a mineral used to make cell-phones..”及句意可知，此处应是回收手机(recycle their cell-phones)故选A项。12.考查动词短语辨析。句意：Ady设立了“大猩猩英雄”项目，同时她还举办了社交媒体讨论会，以提高人们的认识，希望更多的人参与保护大猩猩。A.took over接管；B.look over检查；C.set up成立；D.wound up结束.根据上文“She sold homemade cookies for her6”可知，Addy自己创办了项目。故选C项。13.考查名词词义辨析。句意：Addy设立了“大猩猩英雄”项目，同时她还举办了社交媒体讨论会，以提高人们的认识，希望更多的人参与保护大猩猩。A.reputation名声；B.awareness认识；C.expectation期望；D.popularity流行。根据句意可知，此处为固定搭配raise awareness提高认识。故选B项。14.考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然艾迪希望能在野外接近大猩猩，但通常一个人需要至少l5岁才能参观大猩猩生活的地方。A.Though虽然；B.Unless除非；C.Since既然；D.When当时。根据句意可知，此处上下句为转折关系。故选A项。15.考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然艾迪希望能在野外接近大猩猩，但通常一个人需要至少I5岁才能参观大猩猩生活的地方。A.consequently因此；B.particularly详细地；C.eventually最后；D.usually通常。根据句意可知，填空处应填usually(通常)，表示客观事实。故选D项。16.考查动词词义辨析。句意：巴斯蒂安说，每个动物都有自己的个性，就像每个人一样。A.trend趋势；B.thought想法；C.preference偏爱；D.personality个性。根据下文They canbe friendly or17_”可知，此处说明动物也有自己的个性。故选D项。17.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们可能是友好的，也可能是好斗的。A.greedy贪婪的；B.impolite不礼貌的；C.aggressive好斗的；D.restless不安宁的。根据句中friendly”可知，此处与“友好的”相对。故选C项。答案第15页，共17页

第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完槛的短文，In a quiet suburb of Northern California,a diligent (high school student namedSarah had always been devoted to her academics.However,she found herself with some freetime on ber hands as the school year came to an end.It was then that she was struck witb anidea-why not use this spare time to give back to her community?With a newfound sense of purpose,Sarah set out to look for ways she could make adifference.She noticed that the local park was in need of some repairs and restoration,but thecity lacked the budget to tackle the necessary redecoration.Regardless of some challenges,Sarab decided to take matters into her own hands.She gathered her classmates and engagedwith the local businesses to provide donations,materials,and equipment needed for the resto-ration project.With a clear goal in mind and a team of eager volunteers,they rolled up theirsleeves and began the beavy task of cleaning up the park.Everyone worked tirelessly,day孩after day,in the California sun.Meanwbile Sarah had another idea in her mind.Seeing so many families in the area hadbeen affected by the economic downturn,Sarah knew she had to do more to help.She part-学nered with local businesses and launched a food drive to support struggling lamilies.Herefforts brought back hope to many families who had been struggling to make ends meet.落As Sarah and her team faced numerous obstacles (throughout the restoration pro-ject,Sarah made sure to maintain a positive attitude and gathered her classmates to keep going&at the same time.One day,while painting the park's broken fence,one of the volunteerscalled out,"Sarah,why are we even doing this?It's never going to look good again.It was amoment of upset feelings.Sarah approached the volunteer.She placed her hands on thevolunteer's shoulder and said,"I don't expect this to be easy,but we can't give up.We havean opportunity to help our community and make it a better place.That's what makes it worththe effort.Don't you think so?"够注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。罔Her words had a powerful effect on the team.There were challenges along the way,but she never lost her determination.【高二英语第10页（共10页）】·23-522B·

【参考范文】六Dear Maria,How are you?I'm happy to be your friend.My nameis Wu Yue.I'm a student of No.5 Middle School.And写my telephone number is 346-021.You can call me inthe evening.Here are some photos of my family.In合these photos,you can see my grandparents,myparents and my brother.I have a nice room,and it isvery tidy.In it,you can see a bed,a bookcase,a chairand a desk.What about you and your family?Please write to me®Wu Yue一、单词辨音。请找出画线部分发音不同的单词。选1.aboutB.gameC.eraserD.plane2.A.help霜theseC.redD.next题3.A.tidyB.fiveC.nice费six4.A.zeroB.photo费boxD.notebook5 hisB.sisterC.thisD.yesg二、完成句子。根据汉语意思完成英语句子。1.谢谢你帮我找到了我的钢笔。Thankyouforhelping me find选my pen.2.你姨姨是中学的一位老师吗？Is your aunt a teacher in the middleschool题3.快点儿，比尔！我找到了你的收音机Comeon Bill!I found your radio.4.这个磁带播放机是我表哥的。This tape player is my cousin's5.房间里到处是他的飞机模型。In the room,his model planesareeverywhere.9

5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.A trip.B.An idol.C.A dream第二节（共15小题：海小道1.5分，满分22,5分）所下面5段对话波独白。每段对话成独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A,B.C三个选项中透出最佳透项。明每段对话或白前：你将有时同网读各个小您，每小题5秒钟，听完后：各小医将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话成独白读两遍听第6段材料，回答第6、7题.6.Why does Betty make the phone callA.To invite David.B.To ask for helpC.To cancel an appointment7.What is happening to Betty?A.She is moving back.B.She is looking for a roommate.C.She is in urgent need of a new room听第7段材料，回答第8、9题&.Which place did Julie visit in New York水☑A.The Statue of Liberty.B.The Empire State BuildingC.The Broadway.9.Howas the weather in New York most of the time when Jule as there?A.Hot.B.MildC.Cloudy听第8段材料，回答第10至13题.10.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.In a garage.B.On the road.C.In a police office11.What is the woman's car number?A.LFZ 312 G.B.LHZ 372 GC.LFZ 312 P.12.How did the accident happen?A.The car ran into a tree.B.Someone bumped()into her carC.The car crashed into a lamp post.13.What does Mr.Wood mean at last?A.The woman's car is new.B.The woman's car is badly damaged.C.The woman's car has been repaired.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题14.What is the relationship between the two speakers?A.Interviewer and interviewee.B.Teacher and student.C.Coach and athlete.英语试题第2页（共12页）

30.What does the underlined word "reinforcing"in the last para- graph probably mean? A.Strengthening. B.Causing. C.Breaking. D.Ignoring. 31.What is the text mainly about? A.The history of dogs and hunter-gatherers. B.The relationship between humans and dogs. C.Humans domesticated dogs by sharing extra meat. D.Scientists found the lifestyle of humans in the ice age.

row,good for a ride. M:Great!Do you go riding often? W:Absolutely.I go as much as I can.It would be nice to get out of the city and get in touch with nature.Do you want any com- pany? M:Sure,but it will be a 30-mile ride.Have you been riding so long before? W:Yeah.My friend Mike and I rode more than 30 miles to a very wild part of the national forest last ride.We even saw a bear and some monkeys. M:Wow!You must have been pretty far away from the city. Shall we invite him to go along? W:Of course.I'll ask him.

【答案与解析】 为了顺应市场及环保需求，一家位于挪威Oslo的Circle K公 司旗下加油站成为全球首家转型为电动汽车充电站。 25.C根据第1段可知，这家位于0slo的加油站不再给汽车加 油，用电动汽车充电器替换所有的加油泵，转型为电动汽车提 供充电服务。 26.A根据第3段最后一句可知，Christina Bu认为很快越来越多 的汽油站将被充电站取代，加油站将更名为能源站，所以这种 转型是未来的发展趋势。 27.C根据第5段可知，作者以Tesla为例来说明充电技术发展迅 速，仅充电5分钟便可增加75英里的行驶里程。 28.D根据本文最后一句可知，气候变化日益严峻的形势加快了 电动汽车取代燃油汽车的进程。由此可知，减少碳排放的迫切 需求会加快电动汽车的崛起。

16.What is the woman? A.A secretary. B.A director. C.An engineer. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17.What is the most important in looking for an apartment? A.Enough time. B.Lots of patience. C.A little preparation. 18.What does the speaker suggest people do first? A.Spare some time. B.Decide the price range. C.Think about the furniture. 19.What should people consider first when picking out apart- ments?

1、炎德英才大联考湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷（三）语文答案

(二)实用类文本阅读（本题共3小题，12分）措。在碎片化时代进行阅读，一定要珍惜自己的时间，集中注意力，并且要具备一定的判断阅读下面的文字，完成4~6题。力，有针对性地选择阅读内容，这样我们才不会成为

2、炎德英才大联考湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷(二)英语答案

M:I've been working really hard.Sometimes I go round to Lucinda's place and we study to-gether.W:Luc

3、炎德英才大联考 湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷(一)1地理答案

9,北京为典型的温带季风气候，雅典为典型的地中海气候，且北京纬度高于雅典。未来三个月内，即2021年10月20日至2022年1月20日，为冬半年，纬度越高昼夜变化幅度越大，故北京昼夜长短相差更大，C对

4、炎德英才大联考湖南师大附中2024届高3月考试卷七及答案历史。。

5、语文炎德英才大联考湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷二优秀作文

15.Whys材料二：聚乳酸纤维采用天然可再生的植物资源为原料，减少了对传统石油资源的依懒，符合国际社会可持续发展的要求，它兼有合成纤维和天然纤维的优点，同时又具有完金自然循环型和能千燥性(min)湿

1、炎德英才大联考(一中版)长沙市一中2024届高三月考试卷(一)1物理答案

2022一2023学年上学期高三大联考物理试卷起(试卷总分：110分考试时间：90分钟)注意事项：着1答题时，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2.答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题

2、炎德英才大联考(一中版)长沙市一中2024届高三月考试卷(二)2物理答案

根据牛顿第二定律，有mg十qE=ma(4分)解得a=20m/s2。(2分)9.解：(1)根据振荡电路的周期公式T=2π√LC(4分)代入数据解得T=6.28×105s(2分)根据∫子(4分)得f=1.

3、炎德英才大联考长沙市一中2024届高三月考试卷八物理试题及答案

12.(8分)某学习小组用如图甲所示的装置验证机械能守恒定律，质量为M的物体A(含挡光片)14.(10分)如图所示，木板A静止于水平地面上，在其最左端放一可视为质点的木块B,已知A、和质量相等的钩码系

4、炎德英才大联考 长沙市一中2024届高三月考试卷(一)物理/

6.中国自行研制、具有完全自主产权的“神舟”飞船，目前已经达到或优于国际第三代载人航天技术如图所示，飞船被送入近地点为A、远地点为B的椭圆轨道，后通过变轨进入预定圆轨道.下列说法正确的是预定圆轨道A.

5、炎德英才大联考·长沙市一中2024届高三月考试卷(六)6物理试题

A.接线端2的电势比接线端4的电势高B.若增大R1,则电压表示数将变大IC.霍尔元件中电子的定向移动速率为neacD,电路稳定时，电压表示数为BInec【答案】D【解析】由安培定则可知，元件所在位置的

1、炎德英才大联考湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷(六)语文答案)

将要被严厉责罚，吕公著替他说话，仅降为怀州知州。（吕公著）退 朝对同事说：“谏官对问题的议论，对与不对不值得说。但皇上还 年轻，担心今后有人进邪言来惑乱皇帝，正要依赖左右敢于谏诤的 大臣，不能让国君轻

2、炎德·英才大联考湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷(三)地理答案

答案D 解题分析日内瓦湖被罗讷河自东向西穿过，河流携带的泥 沙在湖泊沉积，使得湖泊面积减小，逐渐沼泽化，最终致使湖泊消 失，所以主要外力作用是流水沉积；根据材料信息“罗讷河促成了 日内瓦湖，但却又在不

3、炎德英才大联考 湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷(一)1历史答案

上页29.扬州出土的西汉大型墓葬的漆画《彩绘鸟兽云气图》（下图所示），画面中绘有飞《莫谈国事》《内阁总理》《加人一等》以及《玩弄于股掌之上》《此之谓人民代禽、走兽，以云纹为主，云纹飞扬流畅，极有动感和

4、炎德英才1大联考湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷(二)数学答案

(2)由f(x)=x-ac+a=lne-ae+&有三个零点，可得）=lh-x叶2(>0)有三个零点，N'(x)=a士0(>0.①当a≤0时，(x)>0恒成立，可得h(x)至多有一个零点，不符合题意②当

5、炎德英才大联考湖南师大附中2024届高考模拟试卷(一)语文答案

砍柴、挑水、清明磨豆腐、端午做凉粉、出麻油、打窑洞…全靠自己动手。腰腿可下了。是劳动的本钱，唯一能够代替人力的牛简直是宝贝。老乡们把喂牛这样的机要工这次进京调演，有人说主角排名是天大的事，一般一本戏就

1、炎德英才大联考 湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷(一)1政治试题

保密女开考前贵阳市2023届高三年级质量监测试卷思想政治2022年10月本试卷分第I卷（选择题)和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题)两部分。满分100分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名

2、炎德·英才大联考湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷(三)地理答案

盖度指植物地上部分垂直投影的面积占地面的比例。土壤容重指自然垒结状态下单位容积 土体（包括土粒和孔隙）的质量或重量（单位：g/cm3)。 12.该林区 A.林地均分布在阴坡 B.祁连圆柏林下的土壤最肥

3、历史炎德英才大联考,湖南师大附中2024届高3月考试卷七及答案。

【详解】洪秀全借助基督教中的思想来团结民众反对清政府统治，环让外国牧师到中国传授西方技术，这都是通过借鉴西方来探索国家出路的举措，A项正确；让外国牧师传播西方技术不属于构建科学革命理论范畴，排除B项：

4、炎德英才大联考湖南师大附中2024届高3月考试卷七及答案历史。。

大一轮复习学案历史口、赋役、狱讼听断之事，可否裁决，与守臣通B.弱化了对地方的控制签书施行”。宋代此举C.健全了地方行政机构A.否定了世家大族特权D.降低了地方行政效率主干点二辽夏金元的统治核心热考：

5、炎德英才大联考 湖南师大附中2024届高三月考试卷(一)1英语答案

收定央沿味上花圳安水可呆乙则父怏爹以义写的以作作文文中共有0处语后针误，每绮部最多看两处。每处结误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。,叮1小1多以1小可采增加：在缺词处加二个漏字符萼（八），并在其下面

19.同读旧文材料.完成卜列要求I分)冲沟侵妆是金沙江干热河谷土壤流失的重要原因.造成了严重的土地通化。成胁区战农业发展和根食安全，元谋盆地位于云南省中北都，龙川江纵胃全境向北注入金沙江。盆地四周高山耸立，山势陡峻.植被多以耐热耐旱的麓木草丛为主。受特殊地理环境影响，该区地形破碎.冲沟广布，生态环境极为脆弱。田9为元谋盆地位置及周边地区示意图。100°105°10140'10226少25°北回归线江25°40'20°请$沿此一一国界--。省界盆地范围个山脉河流O切图9(1)分析元谋盆地植被多以耐热耐旱灌木草丛为主的原因。(6分)若下(2)研究表明，土壤长期反复失水吸水过程中，土体形态变化剧烈，易导致裂隙形题成，加剧该盆地冲沟发育和演化。试从气候角度对其进行解释。(6分)纸(3)植被恢复是干热河谷区冲沟治理的最佳方法，在适宜树种选择方面，某兴趣小组的同学经过讨论提出了不同的建议。观点一：引种乡土树种，植被恢复以稀树灌草为主体。观点二：适度造林，局部地区可恢复以乔木为主的森林植被。动请你任选一个观点并对其合理性进行说明。(6分)?神州灯达地理（五）·压抽卷】等6页（共6页）

19.(12分)(1)线粒体内膜(2)UCP!将H运至线粒体基质，减小了膜两侧H的跨膜浓度梯度ATP合成比例减少(3)M、E(顺序不能错)(4)BAT细胞调亡时释放肌苷，可促进健康的BAT和WAT细胞UCPI基因表达而增加产热(1分)，从而维持机体的体温平衡。(1分)(5)有一定的合理性。抑制ENT1可提高胞外肌苷水平，促进BAT和WAT细胞有机物分解，增加产热，达到减重的效果(1分)。然而ENT1通过调节胞外肌苷水平，维持体温相对稳定，抑制ENT1可能破坏机体体温平衡的稳态(1分)。（合理给分）20.(12分)(1)重组质粒（基因表达载体）A1菌体浓度/数量(1分)(2)B5比其他微生物抵抗A1的能力强，十种微生物共同抵抗A】的效果最好（定植抵抗力主要取决于微生物的多样性)(3)随微生物种类增加，加B5组A1浓度明显降低，而不加B5组A1浓度变化不显著(1分)(4)108105109(三个全对得1分)(5)水、其它碳源、氮源、无机盐(2分，写出三种得1分)ACD(1分)(6)滥用抗菌药会降低肠道微生物的多样性，对病原体的定植抵抗作用下降：对病原菌进行选择，易形成耐药菌；抗菌药也是药物，可能会对身体产生副作用。（合理即可，答对一点得1分)21.(12分)(1)①23对基因杂合的F,可以产生8种不同类型的雌雄配子，雌雄配子自由结合可以产生2737（总数为64)后代分离比（紫果的比例为27/64，是3/4的3次方，符合三对相对性状的显性性状自由组合的比例)（合理即可）②aaDDMM、AAddmm(2)紫花白果：白花白果=3：1(3)COPI-nYFP+cFP和nYFP+CRYI-cYFP(2分，写对一组得1分)(4)光照CRY1积累/含量升高/不降解表达能紫黑暗】M蛋白降解不表达不能白(2分，写对前三个得1分)西城区高三统一测试试卷生物咨案及评分参考2024.4第2页（共2页)

19:04⊙令oO☐开向U阴花的电舵为W三低t三UUW入150s=30000J,根据Q=cm△t知，鸡蛋饼吸收的热量为Q吸=cm△t=3×103J/(kg·℃)×100×10-3kg×90℃=27000J,这次的加热效率袋×10%0》27000×100%=90%。(3分)答：(1)开关S接“1”时电路中的电流为2.2A;(2)开关S接“2”时的功率为200W;(3)在一次使用时选择低温挡煎饼，使100g的鸡蛋饼升高90℃所花时间为150s,这次的加热效率为90%。18.(1)-3甲(2)乙0.1(3)C20量杯19.【实验器材】停表【实验原理】=丹【实验步骤】(1)变速(2)0.75【拓展】(1)小于(2)小(3)C20.【解释】吸热，温度保持不变【交流】(1)减慢蒸发，缩短加热时间84(2)②④①③(3)后小水滴(4)水仍能从石棉网上吸热21.【问题】滑动变阻器的线圈就是螺线管，通电后就是一个通电螺线管【证据】乙北【解释】条形电流方向【交流】方法一：将滑动变阻器乙移动到最左端，同时将甲滑动变阻器移动至最右端方法二：在乙滑动变阻器瓷管中插入一根铁棒2物理中考总复习模拟卷共2页

A.The dangers of drowning for a long time.B.The importance of using correct movements.C.The consequences of making mistakes frequently.D.The struggle to communicate with people effectively.22.What can we infer from this text?A.People usually believe what they see and hear.B.People can't turn a blind eye to whoever is in trouble.C.People should relate to what those in need truly need.D.People with mental illnesses must help themselves out.0"The world's environment is surprisingly healthy.Discuss."If that were an examination topic,moststudents would tear it apart,offering a long list of complaints:from local smog to global climate change,from....The list would largely be accurate,the concern reasonable.Yet the students who should be giventhe highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement.The surprise is how good thingsare,not how bad.After all,the world's population has more than tripled during this century,and world output has risenhugely,so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected.Indeed,if people lived,consumed,andproduced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950,or indeed 1980),the world by now would bea pretty disgusting place:smelly,dirty,toxic and dangerous.But they don't.The reasons why they don't andwhy the environment has not been ruined,have to do with prices,technological advances,social change andgovernment regulation in response to popular pressure.That is why today's environmental problems in thepoor countries ought,in principle,to be solvable.Raw materials have not run out and show no sign of doing so.Logically,one day they must:the planetis a finite place.Yet it is also very big,and man is very intelligent.What has happened is that every time amaterial seems to be running short,the price has risen and,in response,people have looked for new sourcesof supply,tried to find ways to use less of the material,or looked for a new substitute.For this reason,pricesfor energy and for minerals have actually fallen during the century.The same is true for food.Prices fluctuate()in response to harvests,natural disasters and political instability;and when they rise,it takes sometime before new sources of supply become available.But they always do,assisted by new farming and croptechnology.The long-term trend has been downwards.It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this sound trend begins to fail,and the genuineproblems arise.Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy.If no one owns the resource concerned,no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it.英语试题A第5页共11页

(3)离子键(2分)；共价键(2分)(4)HNO3(2分)；A1(OH)3+OH[A1(OH)4]-[或A1(OH)3+OH-A1O2+2H2O,2分](5)8NH3+3Cl2—6NH4CI+N2(2分)(6)2.63(2分)解析：A、B、C、D、E分别为N、O、Na、Al、CI,X、Y、Z分别为硝酸、氢氧化钠、氢氧化铝。1【6)C,和CO的不原产物都是C,则C0,的消毒效率是C的62.5X5≈2.63倍。7×2意·38·25ZC·化学-R-必修第一册-GZ

④我们有好吃的食物，会和他分享。我们也领他认识一些草木、虫和鸟。和我们相熟的，也要与他相熟，这样才算好朋友。他说，以后不要叫他四眼，这是人身攻击。我们都有不好听的名字。板凳、巴篓、猪鼻孔、卷舌头···叫你四眼，算是好听的。我们叫他四眼，是为了记住他。一张缺腿的桌子比一张完好的桌子更能让人记住。我们容易记住一些残缺，与记忆里的恶意一起永世长存。。③我们古树村人，有善心，爱房屋，爱土地，爱邻人，也爱过客。爱牛和农具，爱果木和庄稼。我们的屋不漏雨，火塘里有千年不断的火种，我们爱屋，虫和鸟也爱古树村的木屋。蜘蛛在壁上结网，燕子在檐下筑巢，麻雀在屋顶下躲雨。也有老鼠和娱，水缸底下会有几只蟋蟀。我们爱土地，把坡土变成梯土。一道一道的土坎，是一代又一代的人砌成的。石砌的土坎，牢实。种庄稼，也蓄树木，水土不会流失。水丰土厚，在这样的地方，插根扁担也会发芽。农历四月八，是牛节，给牛吃放了盐的青草，还洒上一些甜酒。大年三十，用刀给果树切一个嘴巴，喂米饭，一个人问果树，一个装作果树的人答。结不结？结。多不多？多。大不大？大。甜不甜？甜。戴眼镜的大学生装过一回果树，他和别的几个知青还演了一出果树戏，有说有唱有扮相，有花有果，有香有甜。离开古树村那天，他们在一棵梨树下同我们合影，还哭了一场。梨树开花，离开的意思。分梨就是分离。我做了树叶盒子，棕叶编织的，放了一只金甲虫，叫凤凰，很漂亮，我还在盒子里放了几块柏脂和桃树脂，那是金甲虫的粮食。戴眼镜的大学生很喜欢，他让金甲虫在手上爬了一会儿，让它飞走了。他说，金甲虫吃完盒子里的食物，找不到吃的，会饿死。他只带了那只棕树叶盒子。他走了好远，回头向我们招手。我们一齐喊他：四眼——7几年过去，古树村没人进来，有路过的手艺人、算命先生、牛客，一年也只来过几次。古树村出去的人，也杳无音讯。这天，我在路边看蚂蚁搬家，一群黑蚂蚁，由一只大蚂蚁领头，从一个地方去另一个地方，很长的蚂蚁队伍。想象它们的目的地很遥远，像是从一个国度到另一个国度。有的蚂蚁还托着一粒蚂蚁蛋，那是它未出生的孩子。它将获得蚂蚁知识，成为蚂蚁先生。扶老携幼，蚂蚁艰难地行走，去哪里便去哪里，没有争论。⑧这时候，来了个邮递员，他从邮包里取出一封信，还有几本书，说是我的。信和书，是四眼从省城寄来的。那封信写了什么，我早忘记了，但收到信的感觉，就像他当初来到古树村一样，忽然多出来了一个人。寄来的书叫《昆虫记》，是一个叫法布尔的人写的。是法国人还是英国人？我读过小学，上过地理课。老师把地球仪放在讲台上，讲五大洲四大洋，讲地球是圆的。我还是认为地球是平的，和我的祖先一样，人站在地上，房屋立在地上，山河生在地上，月亮是圆的，太阳也是圆的。地理老师转动地球仪，世界分许多国家，给不同的人住，像不同的村落。出了中国，就是外国，出了古树村，就是别的村。①小学语文课，学汉语拼音，我们用古树村的方言，把“中国”的国，念成gue，四眼费了好大的力气，纠正我的汉语发音。他教我查字典，到他离开古树村，我认识字典里所有的字，和他在一起，我会讲标准普通话。他离开时，把翻烂了的字典留给我。他离开不久，我又说起古树村的方言，普通话在古树村不流行。那个时候，古树村还没通电，《昆虫记》损害了我的眼晴。四眼寄给我《昆虫记》的时候，还寄了一只大号手电筒，装四节大号电池。等电池用完，我再没用过它。它慢慢变暗，后来熄了。我不知道换新电池，以为它死了。机器也有寿命。再说，我也没钱买电池。能在夜里发光高三语试·第4页（共8页）